Thermistors, also known as thermal resistors, are electrical resistors whose resistance changes significantly with temperature. They are widely used in various applications, including temperature sensing, temperature compensation, and self-resetting fuses.
[Image of Thermistor Diagram]
The diagram above shows a basic thermistor symbol. The thermistor is represented by the resistor symbol (a rectangle with two leads) with a thermal symbol (a thermometer) superimposed on it. The direction of the temperature change (increasing or decreasing) is indicated by the arrow.
There are two main types of thermistors:
The key characteristics of thermistors include:
Thermistors have numerous applications, including:
Material | Temperature Range | TCR | Resistance Range |
---|---|---|---|
Metal Oxides (e.g., NTC) | -55°C to 150°C | 3-6%/%°C | 100 ohms to 10 Mohms |
Semiconductors (e.g., PTC) | 50°C to 300°C | 0.5-2%/%°C | 1 ohm to 10 Kohms |
Polymers (e.g., NTC) | -50°C to 100°C | 0.1-1%/%°C | 100 ohms to 100 Kohms |
Industry | Application |
---|---|
Automotive | Engine temperature monitoring, air flow sensing, self-resetting fuses |
Consumer Electronics | Temperature control in appliances, battery protection, current limiting |
Medical | Fever detection, flow monitoring, tumor ablation |
Industrial | Process control, safety systems, temperature compensation |
Aerospace | Heat management, circuit protection, temperature sensing |
Strategy | Explanation |
---|---|
Calibration: Comparing the thermistor's resistance to a known reference at multiple temperatures to establish an accurate correlation curve. | |
Linearization: Using circuitry or software to compensate for the non-linear relationship between resistance and temperature. | |
Temperature Compensation: Incorporating additional components to reduce the effects of temperature variations on the thermistor's performance. | |
Signal Filtering: Filtering out noise and unwanted signals to improve the stability of thermistor readings. |
When using thermistors, it is important to avoid the following common mistakes:
Thermistors are versatile and cost-effective components that enable accurate temperature sensing and control in various applications. By understanding the different types, characteristics, and applications of thermistors, engineers can harness their capabilities to optimize system performance.
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